When the weather turns nice, everyone wants to spend more time outside. A deck is a great way to get outdoors with easy access to your home. If you already have a deck you love, this article will give you recommendations for cleaning and sealing your deck to insure many more years of use. If you are considering adding a deck to your home, we have a brief overview of things to consider when planning your deck and picking materials.
Cleaning Your Deck
Cleaning wood (new and existing) opens up the wood’s pores and sealers can penetrate up to 25% deeper. 60 to 70 degrees F is ideal - cleaners don’t evaporate too quickly and sealants can seep into the wood vs. evaporating too quickly. When using any type of chemical, it’s a good idea to water the surrounding greenery first and cover with plastic that doesn’t prevent air from circulating.
There are numerous ways to clean your deck and lots of controversy about pressure washing, which can damage your deck if not done correctly:
- Pressure washing – cleans with high pressure streams of water to remove algae, mildew and other stains. The wood fibers already weakened by UV rays can be stripped and the wood must be sanded before the sealer is applied.
- Chlorine bleach – or sodium hypochlorite is NOT recommended. It’s great for killing germs but wreaks havoc on wood by removing it’s natural color, destroying wood lignin, corroding your deck hardware and it kill surrounding vegetation.
- Oxygen bleach – doesn’t remove the wood’s natural color, and is non-toxic to plants. It is safe on all woods except redwood which should be cleaned with oxalic acid. For step-by-step directions to follow this process visit Ask The Builder.
Sealing Your Deck
Unprotected wood is vulnerable to ultraviolet rays and water in any form. Wood that isn’t sealed is subject to excessive shrinking and swelling which can result in cracking, cupping and twisting, which in turn causes nails to pop. Water that penetrates untreated wood can also accelerate wood rot. You have numerous choices for sealing your deck:
- Sealants (oil based vs synthetic)- traditional ones contain wood protecting resins made from natural products (tung oil, linseed oil, etc.) Unfortunately these oils are also food for mildew and algae. Synthetic water repellants don’t contain such food.
- Stains – don’t chip like paint. They come in semi-solid and solid (not recommended) colors similar to paint. The stain is absorbed into the wood and the pigment particles absorb and deflect the UV rays and help protect the wood.
- Paint – requires more maintenance than stains or sealers. It chips and sometimes bubbles (if wood absorbs moisture from below) rather than wearing away smoothly like stain. Unfortunately once painted, it is very difficult (stripper may work or you need to remove and sand boards on all sides) to change color or switch to a stain.
IMPORTANT – With numerous brands (SuperDeck and Sikkens get good reviews), the best advice … purchase a quality product at a paint store. You’ll save money with fewer applications – number of coats and/or frequency you need to reseal your deck.
Building Your Deck
Start by listing how you’ll use your deck. To relax? Entertain? Cook? Eat meals outdoors? How many people? Furniture cutouts help verify the size you need. Consider your budget. You might build your dream deck in stages as the average deck in New England costs $14,723. The good news - you should recoup 79% of the cost when selling your home.
Next you need to draw up plans and get them approved by your town’s building department. Building codes are for safety, i.e. to prevent decks from collapsing and injuring people.
You want good access to your deck from inside your home (sliding patio door is most common) and outside (one or 2 sets of stairs from your driveway or other high traffic areas). You can enhance your deck with one/more of the following:
- Railings (usually required if 18/more inches above ground); you’ve got lots of choices in materials (see below) and they can enhance your home’s exterior
- Plan outdoor lighting to compliment your lifestyle
- Built in seating makes good use of limited space
- Planters can add a nice splash of color and bring the out of doors closer
- Shade can extend the time you spend on your deck – consider the use of arbors, gazebos or awnings
- Lattice is often used to enhance the appearance of a deck while providing great outdoor storage for tools, sports equipment, etc.
For home owners who want to tackle this project themselves, they should carefully study one/more “how to” books like the Build Like A Pro: Build a Deck. The most difficult part of building a deck is the structure below the floor. One of the top 10 handyman repairs involves the ledger board used to attach a deck to the house. If not flashed properly, water runs back into the house causing extensive wood rot. To evaluate your readiness to tackle this project, read Ask the Builder’s 15 Tips on Building a Deck.
Picking Your Deck Materials
You’re tempted to go with one of the new composite deck materials but you’re not sure about the added costs. It’s true that the composites might add 50% to the cost of materials. However, you want to consider maintenance costs over 20 to 25 years, the typical life of a wood deck. Regular maintenance involves cleaning and sealing your deck every 2 to 3 years so the cost of hiring someone to do this work will likely exceed the higher material costs you might spend up front. Do the math and you might be surprised at the numbers and decide to invest now, to save time and money later.
- Wood – pressure treated is most common followed by cedar, mahogany and ipe … all woods that contain natural chemicals that resist UV rays, moisture and insects.
- Composites – claim they won’t rot but most contain wood fibers (up to 70%) which rot unless treated with a preservative like zinc borate. Get preservative information in writing and follow instructions to keep your warranty in force.
- Plastic – My Handyman started using Azek Deck (pictured here and formerly known as Procell) in 2006. It’s made of cellular vinyl with no wood content. It’s resistant to mold, insects … plus stains and scratches.
- We found this material for a customer who was replacing a deck around a pool where resistance to water and stains, i.e. suntan lotion, is important.
- Railings – are often made from a different material than your deck floor. Your choices include wood, vinyl, composites, aluminum, wrought iron or glass panels.
Note: Regardless of the deck material, most decks use pressure treated materials for the supporting structure. DO NOT use a composite as they don’t have enough strength.
